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Web Scraping Google Maps Photos with Nodejs

Web Scraping Google Maps Photos with Nodejs

A step-by-step tutorial on creating a Google Maps Photos web scraper in Nodejs.

Mikhail Zub's photo
Mikhail Zub
·

8 min read

Table of contents

No heading

No headings in the article.

What will be scraped

image

Preparation

First, we need to create a Node.js* project and add npm packages puppeteer, puppeteer-extra and puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth to control Chromium (or Chrome, or Firefox, but now we work only with Chromium which is used by default) over the DevTools Protocol in headless or non-headless mode.

To do this, in the directory with our project, open the command line and enter npm init -y, and then npm i puppeteer puppeteer-extra puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth.

*If you don't have Node.js installed, you can download it from nodejs.org and follow the installation documentation.

📌Note: also, you can use puppeteer without any extensions, but I strongly recommended use it with puppeteer-extra with puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth to prevent website detection that you are using headless Chromium or that you are using web driver. You can check it on Chrome headless tests website. The screenshot below shows you a difference.

stealth

Process

SelectorGadget Chrome extension was used to grab CSS selectors by clicking on the desired element in the browser. If you have any struggles understanding this, we have a dedicated Web Scraping with CSS Selectors blog post at SerpApi.

The Gif below illustrates the approach of selecting different parts of the results.

how

Full code

📌Note: to get a place URL you may use the tutorial from my blog post Web Scraping Google Maps Places with Nodejs.

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer-extra");
const StealthPlugin = require("puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth");

puppeteer.use(StealthPlugin());

const placeUrl =
  "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Starbucks/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x549069a98254bd17:0xb2f64f75b3edf4c3!8m2!3d47.5319688!4d-122.1942498!16s%2Fg%2F1tdfmzpb!19sChIJF71UgqlpkFQRw_Tts3VP9rI?authuser=0&hl=en&rclk=1";

async function scrollPage(page) {
  let iterationsLength = 0;
  while (true) {
    let photosLength = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb").length;
    });
    for (; iterationsLength < photosLength; iterationsLength++) {
      await page.waitForTimeout(200)
      await page.evaluate((iterationsLength) => {
        document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb")[iterationsLength].scrollIntoView()
      }, iterationsLength);
    }
    await page.waitForTimeout(5000)
    let newPhotosLength = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb").length;
    });
    if (newPhotosLength === photosLength) break
  }
}

async function getPhotosLinks(page) {
  const photos = await page.evaluate(() => {
    return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb")).map((el) => {
      return {
        thumbnail: getComputedStyle(el).backgroundImage.slice(5, -2),
      };
    });
  });
  const scripts = await page.evaluate(() => {
    return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("script")).map(el => el.outerHTML).join()
  })
  return {photos, scripts};
}

async function getLocalPlacePhotos() {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    args: ["--no-sandbox", "--disable-setuid-sandbox"],
  });

  const page = await browser.newPage();

  await page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(60000);
  await page.goto(placeUrl);
  await page.waitForNavigation();

  await page.click(".Dx2nRe");
  await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
  await page.waitForSelector(".U39Pmb");

  await scrollPage(page);

  const {photos, scripts} = await getPhotosLinks(page);

  await browser.close();

  const validPhotos = photos.filter((el) => el.thumbnail.includes('https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p'))

  const photoSizePattern = /"https:\/\/lh5\.googleusercontent\.com\/p\/(?<id>[^\\]+).+?\[(?<resolution>\d{2,},\d{2,})/gm; // https://regex101.com/r/zgxNOb/2
  const fullSizeData = [...scripts.matchAll(photoSizePattern)].map(({ groups }) => ({id: groups.id, resolution: groups.resolution}));

  validPhotos.forEach(el => {
    const idPattern = /https:\/\/lh5\.googleusercontent\.com\/p\/(?<id>[^\=]+)/gm;  // https://regex101.com/r/XxS3QC/1
    const id = [...el.thumbnail.matchAll(idPattern)].map(({ groups }) => groups.id)[0];
    const resolution = fullSizeData.find((dataEl) => dataEl.id === id)?.resolution.split(',')
    if (resolution) el.image = `https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/${id}=w${resolution[1]}-h${resolution[0]}-k-no`
  })

  return validPhotos;
}

getLocalPlacePhotos().then(console.log);

Code explanation

Declare constants from required libraries:

const puppeteer = require("puppeteer-extra");
const StealthPlugin = require("puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth");
CodeExplanation
puppeteerChromium control library
StealthPluginlibrary for prevent website detection that you are using web driver

Next, we "say" to puppeteer use StealthPlugin and write place URL:

puppeteer.use(StealthPlugin());

const placeUrl =
  "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Starbucks/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x549069a98254bd17:0xb2f64f75b3edf4c3!8m2!3d47.5319688!4d-122.1942498!16s%2Fg%2F1tdfmzpb!19sChIJF71UgqlpkFQRw_Tts3VP9rI?authuser=0&hl=en&rclk=1";

Next, we write down a function for scrolling photo container on the page:

async function scrollPage(page) {
  let iterationsLength = 0;
  while (true) {
    let photosLength = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb").length;
    });
    for (; iterationsLength < photosLength; iterationsLength++) {
      await page.waitForTimeout(200)
      await page.evaluate((iterationsLength) => {
        document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb")[iterationsLength].scrollIntoView()
      }, iterationsLength);
    }
    await page.waitForTimeout(5000)
    let newPhotosLength = await page.evaluate(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb").length;
    });
    if (newPhotosLength === photosLength) break
  }
}
CodeExplanation
photosLengthamount of photos on the page before scrolling
page.evaluate(runs code from the brackets in the browser console and returns the result
document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb")returns a static NodeList representing a list of the document's elements that match the css selectors with class name U39Pmb
page.waitForTimeout(200)waiting 200 ms before continue
newPhotosLengthamount of photos on the page after scrolling

Next, we write down a function for getting thumbnails links from the page:

async function getPhotosLinks(page) {
  const photos = await page.evaluate(() => {
    return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".U39Pmb")).map((el) => {
      return {
        thumbnail: getComputedStyle(el).backgroundImage.slice(5, -2),
      };
    });
  });
  const scripts = await page.evaluate(() => {
    return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("script")).map(el => el.outerHTML).join()
  })
  return {photos, scripts};
}
CodeExplanation
getComputedStyle(el).backgroundImagegetComputedStyle(el) returns an object containing the values of all CSS properties of an el, after applying active stylesheets, and get backgroundImage property
.slice(5, -2)this method keeps everything from the 5th character from the beginning to the 2nd (inclusive) character from the end and removes the others

And finally, a function to control the browser, and get information:

async function getLocalPlacePhotos() {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    args: ["--no-sandbox", "--disable-setuid-sandbox"],
  });

  const page = await browser.newPage();

  await page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(60000);
  await page.goto(placeUrl);
  await page.waitForNavigation();

  await page.click(".Dx2nRe");
  await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
  await page.waitForSelector(".U39Pmb");

  await scrollPage(page);

  const {photos, scripts} = await getPhotosLinks(page);

  await browser.close();

  const validPhotos = photos.filter((el) => el.thumbnail.includes('https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p'))

  const photoSizePattern = /"https:\/\/lh5\.googleusercontent\.com\/p\/(?<id>[^\\]+).+?\[(?<resolution>\d{2,},\d{2,})/gm; // https://regex101.com/r/zgxNOb/2
  const fullSizeData = [...scripts.matchAll(photoSizePattern)].map(({ groups }) => ({id: groups.id, resolution: groups.resolution}));

  validPhotos.forEach(el => {
    const idPattern = /https:\/\/lh5\.googleusercontent\.com\/p\/(?<id>[^\=]+)/gm;  // https://regex101.com/r/XxS3QC/1
    const id = [...el.thumbnail.matchAll(idPattern)].map(({ groups }) => groups.id)[0];
    const resolution = fullSizeData.find((dataEl) => dataEl.id === id)?.resolution.split(',')
    if (resolution) el.image = `https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/${id}=w${resolution[1]}-h${resolution[0]}-k-no`
  })

  return validPhotos;
}

getLocalPlacePhotos().then(console.log);
CodeExplanation
puppeteer.launch({options})this method launches a new instance of the Chromium browser with current options
headlessdefines which mode to use: headless (by default) or non-headless
argsan array with arguments which is used with Chromium
["--no-sandbox", "--disable-setuid-sandbox"]these arguments we use to allow the launch of the browser process in the online IDE
browser.newPage()this method launches a new page
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(60000)changing default (30 sec) time for waiting for selectors to 60000 ms (1 min) for slow internet connection
page.goto(URL)navigation to URL which is defined above
page.click(".Dx2nRe")this methods emulates mouse click on the html element with the .Dx2nRe selector
browser.close()after all we close the browser instance
photoSizePatterna RegEx pattern for search and define id. See what it allows you to find
[...scripts.matchAll(photoSizePattern)]in this code we use spread syntax to create an array from an iterator that was returned from matchAll method (in this case this entry is equal to Array.from(scripts.matchAll(photoSizePattern)))
idPatterna RegEx pattern for search and define id and full image resolution. See what it allows you to find

Now we can launch our parser. To do this enter node YOUR_FILE_NAME in your command line. Where YOUR_FILE_NAME is the name of your .js file.

Output

📌Note: I'm showing you the full output on purpose because not all full image links are available on the page. If I find a solution in the future, I'll update this post.

[
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4gn5qR89yKQiYbf2v8V2Mt-u27-8xlwgzbG3J=w203-h152-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4gn5qR89yKQiYbf2v8V2Mt-u27-8xlwgzbG3J=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOBX97ObGx9e0AhlwystTXlMKC7YaIfiEXzrj_N=w203-h114-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOBX97ObGx9e0AhlwystTXlMKC7YaIfiEXzrj_N=w289-h512-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM8KZ731HUrAb6Ow6b6tvaaG1SZibLWHlUG0B7I=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM8KZ731HUrAb6Ow6b6tvaaG1SZibLWHlUG0B7I=w4032-h3024-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNGkMDnc3haeI6zEkJHTaYO3NL7kQU08HDDj-Bg=w203-h152-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNGkMDnc3haeI6zEkJHTaYO3NL7kQU08HDDj-Bg=w3120-h4160-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNWlgCSV9T03azM-aCjgoqHBkCTVvAUp5hV-FEW=w203-h220-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNWlgCSV9T03azM-aCjgoqHBkCTVvAUp5hV-FEW=w546-h502-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNl409pGQ2GeJ4UGLoCEFE2tYP7KyAFABGYtCqW=w203-h184-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMzdzL2c833XHkjyKCAZA_oIpG7sWzev14BIZqY=w203-h203-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOXC7UsM4ytw-Qdo9BqQPgdu7hpOFkrb8oeXXcD=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPQRAYxiLusjrzSeqS8mc23V5u_fv26RobHwvpL=w205-h100-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP27I9yad0JARrUosmPe2Cl8rrf5FfLI9u3ZsLe=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP2A8D2I1d1gHgtqEBNMWiHm2jb7Dtd-p76FZS_=w203-h360-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP2A8D2I1d1gHgtqEBNMWiHm2jb7Dtd-p76FZS_=w1920-h1080-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOCI7c9c2HSYM18cjd52ITmt2S-pkysyGoXAaEy=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNspVD1U4OKrDH5ZYVYwbazgE5amUtTRh54soV-=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNZeKVSAkS5IJtH_HTYenfFSrz6pgSwp4aM-1qv=w203-h164-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMoV7jsVrAVqTWWS3Qs7ouAJfPoi8MBIW0aOm_z=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNGOf2IWJ3Dmk_MLbhlcHAoMracP-o81WAre-51=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOn4frZ--0ZzrbAdDQoRPrtSZO5auLIVz76ju0H=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN_LkT7MCwx-oaf1yXkMnc_D-gm6HrWa7Kqoep8=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN_LkT7MCwx-oaf1yXkMnc_D-gm6HrWa7Kqoep8=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNTPaghKZbvv5aouQjzCq7no46UiiCa8IbsNmCZ=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNTPaghKZbvv5aouQjzCq7no46UiiCa8IbsNmCZ=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMXpF0BcYK9v4_AqjXWj1R_OHT3opK5y8h3lwxG=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMYK-cBn6_JUYTVbPkvAFTnb_cxWYI4B8aBDwGV=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPcTFJIW9JAZxZ0PU0WC2U5rPnESv7OnrnSANwV=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPcTFJIW9JAZxZ0PU0WC2U5rPnESv7OnrnSANwV=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOk5SXZXLYdZrliZhbEB-fuzpwX4AIiiIjC7Ehi=w203-h114-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN8ncHBXGgaTyw8K3zlVlKz2lns8H5CiGszE8RL=w203-h360-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN8ncHBXGgaTyw8K3zlVlKz2lns8H5CiGszE8RL=w1920-h1080-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMpGGf0g2dlvO0o9gaz_KJW3lIJpLOEHHOprabC=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNPGlc3kl2VVWxVoaVarj767h12q9Dn5dDMpLY6=w203-h360-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOFr1BaDsgzpJZ75-keeWMcucSsY9ooOc2eYbg3=w203-h262-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPmujcLdxq_1ykKBzaBVMFDsvUNa7qlujezz6kP=w203-h360-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNKcskE9z5R_qZRvE9OmfC-XFtqDotXM_dynsyH=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOOBmi7BSryS_eU-DTAj5C5vR0CEqlSp-LvbxwB=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMENxPMlida3xNw7aOFPdw5UysR8KvDwPMbYZs4=w203-h203-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMek3ZenfuNiPxPO5N9xQ2sd-ZmrPJAEbwJiIsZ=w203-h114-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOS9SWb1Me927ABd1G6Ykf0emdLVxodfIucaEYz=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNXrAp9R2-kA0XuDooVR7_ep_jL-zLN8CziOyBU=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOL-FC0pQMTTS2uMjL39BgwZHKtlxC7g4QFztBI=w203-h360-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOnmfuOu_9FFp3Ee0-zLFNFmrM6wU2O9PZK4Zm0=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOrktO0O66qVKhpxWh02BHe2jxJZgtAZB34c_nJ=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMLKR4zHY3bEzI1EUnRB8j5ku1MeDI7xv7UNgAR=w203-h360-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPgiZFDf_Xyje716A6MMAPQs_XF8yvVq_BtxQZc=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMZ_dmYNhLoOGp57DYCQa3Q_XWDae84e4Hdf1rj=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMJiZA1oAjzFuU4fBbp_ihe4UPSSpq5T1sXfufA=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNIUP-aOWRElmfVOjnf5lJJYFiLKBaSx7MSkhg8=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNIUP-aOWRElmfVOjnf5lJJYFiLKBaSx7MSkhg8=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNolq_OR7cT2d3ayKRLkl2mb9s-mv0mqAJPLHX1=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOuAg_x3ITU1I32KiWZGBzgwQAU4UXf4GB5Z9PS=w203-h270-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMtjVGORN2eq-6kIjCrkW3biGo3cMVazFNBfz2r=w203-h152-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNsjaDdvAQrRboCbdVmcRA83c6DUBZ4YZvTDa8d=w203-h270-k-no"
   }
]

Google Maps Photos API

Alternatively, you can use the Google Maps Photos API from SerpApi. SerpApi is a free API with 100 searches per month. If you need more searches, there are paid plans.

The difference is that you can get all full image links and you won't have to write code from scratch and maintain it. You may also experience blocking from Google and changing selectors which will break the parser. Instead, you just need to iterate the structured JSON and get the data you want. Check out the playground.

First, we need to install google-search-results-nodejs. To do this you need to enter in your console: npm i google-search-results-nodejs

📌Note: To make our search we need the data_id parameter. You can take it using the guide from my blog post Web Scraping Google Maps Places with Nodejs.

const SerpApi = require("google-search-results-nodejs");
const search = new SerpApi.GoogleSearch(process.env.API_KEY);     //your API key from serpapi.com

const dataId = "0x549069a98254bd17:0xb2f64f75b3edf4c3";           // data ID parameter

const params = {
  engine: "google_maps_photos",                                   // search engine
  hl: "en",                                                       // parameter defines the language to use for the Google search
  data_id: dataId,                                                // parameter defines the Google Maps data ID
};

const getJson = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    search.json(params, resolve);
  });
};

const getResults = async () => {
  const allPhotos = [];
  while (true) {
    const json = await getJson();
    if (json.photos) {
      allPhotos.push(...json.photos);
    } else break;
    if (json.serpapi_pagination?.next_page_token) {
      params.next_page_token = json.serpapi_pagination?.next_page_token;
    } else break;
  }
  return allPhotos;
};

getResults.then(console.log);

Code explanation

Declare constants from required libraries:

const SerpApi = require("google-search-results-nodejs");
const search = new SerpApi.GoogleSearch(API_KEY);
CodeExplanation
SerpApiSerpApi Node.js library
searchnew instance of GoogleSearch class
API_KEYyour API key from SerpApi

Next, we write down what we want to search and the necessary parameters for making a request:

const dataId = "0x549069a98254bd17:0xb2f64f75b3edf4c3";

const params = {
  engine: "google_maps_photos", // search engine
  hl: "en",
  data_id: dataId,
};
CodeExplanation
dataIddata ID parameter
enginesearch engine
hlparameter defines the language to use for the Google Scholar search

Next, we wrap the search method from the SerpApi library in a promise to further work with the search results:

const getJson = () => {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    search.json(params, resolve);
  })
}

And finally, we declare and run the function getResult that gets photo links from all pages and return it:

const getResults = async () => {
  const allPhotos = [];
  while (true) {
    const json = await getJson();
    if (json.photos) {
      allPhotos.push(...json.photos);
    } else break;
    if (json.serpapi_pagination?.next_page_token) {
      params.next_page_token = json.serpapi_pagination?.next_page_token;
    } else break;
  }
  return allPhotos;
};

getResults().then(console.log)
CodeExplanation
allPhotosan array with photo links from all pages
allPhotos.push(...json.photos)in this code, we use spread syntax to split the photos array from result that was returned from getJson function into elements and add them in the end of allPhotos array

Output

[
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4gn5qR89yKQiYbf2v8V2Mt-u27-8xlwgzbG3J=w203-h152-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4gn5qR89yKQiYbf2v8V2Mt-u27-8xlwgzbG3J=w4032-h3024-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOBX97ObGx9e0AhlwystTXlMKC7YaIfiEXzrj_N=w203-h114-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOBX97ObGx9e0AhlwystTXlMKC7YaIfiEXzrj_N=w512-h289-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM8KZ731HUrAb6Ow6b6tvaaG1SZibLWHlUG0B7I=w203-h270-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM8KZ731HUrAb6Ow6b6tvaaG1SZibLWHlUG0B7I=w3024-h4032-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNGkMDnc3haeI6zEkJHTaYO3NL7kQU08HDDj-Bg=w203-h152-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNGkMDnc3haeI6zEkJHTaYO3NL7kQU08HDDj-Bg=w4160-h3120-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNWlgCSV9T03azM-aCjgoqHBkCTVvAUp5hV-FEW=w203-h220-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNWlgCSV9T03azM-aCjgoqHBkCTVvAUp5hV-FEW=w502-h546-k-no"
   },
   {
      "thumbnail":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNl409pGQ2GeJ4UGLoCEFE2tYP7KyAFABGYtCqW=w203-h184-k-no",
      "image":"https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNl409pGQ2GeJ4UGLoCEFE2tYP7KyAFABGYtCqW=w732-h664-k-no"
   },
   ...and other results
]

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